Europe’s digital infrastructure is entering a new phase of development. For more than a decade, growth was concentrated in a small number of metropolitan hubs. This was where connectivity, enterprise demand and financial services created natural centres of gravity for data centres. Cities such as London, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Paris (FLAP markets) became the backbone of Europe’s cloud and colocation landscape.
That model is now under pressure. Computing power is surging in ways that surpass forecasts made even two years ago. AI training and inference, high performance computing (HPC), analytics and modernised public services all require significant and sustained energy and cooling capacity. McKinsey suggests that global demand for data centre capacity could more than triple by 2030. It’s clear Europe needs more digital infrastructure. However, it needs that infrastructure in places with the headroom and regulatory clarity to support long term expansion. And this is why what are referred to as second-tier locations are becoming critical to expanding Europe’s digital architecture.
In practical terms, second-tier locations are not secondary in importance. They are cities and regional areas outside the most constrained metropolitan centres, where there is greater headroom for power, land and long-term infrastructure planning. Across Europe, this includes parts of regional Germany and Italy, Iberia, the Nordics and areas of the UK outside of London. These locations are now playing a central role in how Europe expands its digital capacity.
Why the Digital Infrastructure Shift is Happening
The primary driver is power. Data centres require sustained, predictable electrical capacity over long periods, particularly as AI workloads increase baseline demand. In dense urban centres, electricity networks are often operating close to their limits, and upgrading them is complex, costly and slow. New substations are difficult to site, transmission upgrades can take many years, and competition for capacity from other sectors is intensifying.
Land availability compounds this challenge. Modern data centres are no longer single buildings inserted into existing industrial estates. They are increasingly campus-based developments, designed to accommodate multiple facilities, on-site substations and future expansion. Securing sites of that scale within major cities is difficult and expensive. And often incompatible with planning frameworks that prioritise mixed-use or residential development.
By contrast, regional and edge-of-city locations offer more physical space and greater flexibility. They make it possible to plan electrical infrastructure coherently from the outset, rather than retrofitting systems around urban constraints. For building services professionals, this changes the nature of both design and delivery.
Delivery Challenges in Regional Locations
While second-tier locations offer more space and flexibility, they are not without challenges. Securing grid capacity remains a critical path issue. It requires close collaboration with transmission and distribution network operators, regardless of geography. In some regions, new infrastructure or upgrades are required to support data centre demand. This can introduce complexity into delivery programmes.
Phased development is another defining characteristic. Many campuses are designed to be built out over several years, sometimes over a decade or more. Electrical and mechanical systems need to be designed and installed in a way that supports this staged approach, maintaining operational efficiency while allowing for expansion.
This places a premium on coordination between designers, contractors, operators and utilities. Clear documentation, consistent standards and long-term programme management become essential, particularly where different phases may be delivered by different teams over time.
Skills and Workforce Considerations
As data centre development spreads across a wider range of locations, skills availability becomes an important consideration. High-voltage electrical expertise, experience with resilient power systems and familiarity with data centre standards are already in demand, and that demand is unlikely to ease.
In regional locations where specialist labour pools may be smaller, there is increased focus on training, apprenticeships and long-term workforce development. From an operator and developer perspective, the ability of contractors and consultants to provide consistent quality across multiple phases is particularly valued on campus-scale projects.
This creates opportunities for building services firms that invest in people and develop repeatable delivery capability. Long-term relationships can be built where teams understand an operator’s standards and are involved across successive phases of development.
The Influence of AI and Higher-Density Workloads
AI is accelerating many of these trends. Training and inference workloads place sustained loads on electrical and cooling systems, increasing the importance of reliability and predictable performance. This reinforces the need for robust primary infrastructure and careful long-term planning.
Second-tier locations make it easier to accommodate these requirements because they allow for comprehensive system design at scale. Space for substations, cooling plant and future expansion can be planned into the site from the beginning, rather than being constrained by surrounding development.
From a building services perspective, this does not necessarily mean radically new technologies, but it does increase the importance of integration, resilience and accurate demand forecasting.
Why this Matters for the Built Environment Sector
The shift toward second-tier locations represents more than a geographical redistribution of data centres. It reflects a broader change in how digital infrastructure is planned, designed and delivered. Larger sites, longer programmes and greater emphasis on early-stage coordination place building services and electrical design at the centre of successful delivery.
For the built environment sector, this creates sustained opportunities across design, construction and operation. Campus developments require ongoing engagement rather than one-off interventions, and they rely on teams that can think beyond individual buildings to system-level performance over time.
Looking Ahead…
So, it’s clear that Europe’s digital infrastructure is becoming more distributed, and that trend is unlikely to reverse. Power constraints, planning pressures and rising digital demand all point toward continued development beyond traditional metropolitan hubs.
Second-tier locations are not a temporary solution. They are becoming a permanent and essential part of Europe’s digital landscape. For building services professionals, understanding how to design and deliver infrastructure at this scale, and over these time horizons, will be increasingly important.
As the next phase of development unfolds, success will depend on careful planning, strong collaboration and a clear understanding of how electrical and mechanical systems underpin the resilience and performance of Europe’s digital future.
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